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To Lange, emotion was a cardiovascular event (Lang, 1994). While James emphasized the various somatic and visceral responses to stimuli that can prompt conscious emotional experiences, Lange had a specific emphasis. In particular dominance would be in relation to the concepts of control and again this concept is related to psychosomatic aspects. William James (1948) and Carl Lange (1885) devised two distinct theories surrounding physiology and emotions independently. With arousal refers to the old classification as intensity of the stimulus although there are more in a hundred psychosomatic aspects.ĭominance, tension and kinetics are added to these concepts.

What do you mean by valence? Although at first the emotions could and were classified as positive and negative or as pleasurable and unpleasant both the relationships between the emotions themselves due to their nature (evolution characteristics, etc.) (they are not part of a continuum in which they are placed at the extremes but every emotion it functions independently) as the relationship with the person who experiences them make it pass from the pleasant or unpleasant classification to the concept of valence. Contemporary researchers often differentiate between two types of empathy: Affective empathy refers to the sensations and feelings we get in response to others. Emotions as well as the physical senses shape the basic processes of perception and memory and influence the ways in which people conceive and interpret the world around them (psychologists have long known that what one notices and remembers depends to a great extent on what one cares about). These copiers then feel the same emotions of the person who made the original behavior change (Panksepp and Lahvis, 2011). Emotion researchers generally define empathy as the ability to sense other people’s emotions, coupled with the ability to imagine what someone else might be thinking or feeling. These concepts (valence, arousal and dominance) are fairly standardized in the emotional investigation. Emotional contagion is a phenomenon where the observed behavior of one individual leads to the reflexive production of the same behavior by others.